Glossary of Diabetes Related Terms Used on this Website

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Term Definition
Glucagon

A hormone that raises the blood glucose level.
Glucose

A sugar in our blood and a source of energy for our bodies.
Glucose Tolerance Test

Blood test used to make the diagnosis of diabetes, including gestational diabetes.
Glumerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A measure of the kidney’s ability to filter and remove waste products. It is the best test to measure kidney function and stage of kidney disease.
HDL (or high-density lipoprotein)

A combined protein and fatlike substance. Low in cholesterol, it usually passes freely through the arteries. Sometimes called “good cholesterol.”
Heart Attack

Damage to the heart muscle caused when the blood vessels supplying the muscle are blocked, such as when the blood vessels are clogged with fats (a condition sometimes called hardening of the arteries).
Hemoglobin

Substance in the red blood cells that supplies oxygen to the cells of the body.
Hemoglobin A1C

See A1C
High Blood Glucose

A condition that occurs in people with diabetes when their blood glucose levels are too high. Symptoms include having to urinate often, being very thirsty, and losing weight.
High Blood Pressure

A condition where the blood circulates through the arteries with too much force. High blood pressure tires the heart, harms the arteries, and increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney problems.
Hormone

A chemical that special cells in the body release to help other cells work. For example, insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas to help the body use glucose as energy.
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension

A condition in which the blood circulates through the arteries with too much force.
Hypoglycemia
Immunization

Sometimes called vaccination; a shot or injection that protects a person from getting an illness by making the person "immune" to it.
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